Objective To understand the residual blood content on object surface in hemodialysis centers, and provide data support for prioritizing cleaning and disinfection as well as allocating infection control resources. Methods Semi-quantitative detection was performed using surface residual blood detection device. A two-dimensional quadrant model of "residual blood content-contact frequency" was constructed, and visualization analysis was conducted combined with heatmap. Results A total of 752 sampling points were included, and positive rate of residual blood was 46.28% (n=348 points). The residual blood content was predominantly 1 μg (37.93%) and 5 μg (36.21%), indicating that the residual blood content was mainly low to moderate. The positive rates of different internal sites of hemodialysis machine and dialysis bed were compared, and differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). Sixteen nurses rated the frequency of contacting with object surface, the results showed good consistency (Fleiss’ kappa=0.661, P<0.01). The two-dimensional quadrant model analysis showed that the bottom of hemodialysis machine, dialyzer holder, and the bed rail of dialysis bed were in the "high-residue-high-contact" quadrant. The side panel and the lower shelf of treatment cart were in the "high-residue-low-contact" quadrant, computer keyboard and the upper shelf of treatment cart were in the "low-residue-low-contact" quadrant, the front panel of hemodialysis machine monitor and the back surface of nursing record tablet were in the "low-residue-high-contact" quadrant. The heat map findings were highly consistent with the quadrant model, which further validated the accuracy of its identification for contamination distribution and strategic guidance value. Conclusion Contamination of object surface in hemodialysis nursing environment exhibits structural heterogeneity and concealed characteristics, with some "low-contact" areas presenting relatively high contamination risk, indicating coverage gaps existing in traditional cleaning strategies. The combined use of two-dimensional quadrant model of "residual blood content-contact frequency" and heat map analysis enables precise identification of high-risk sites and the deve-lopment of differentiated cleaning pathways, facilitating a transition toward more refined infection control management.