ObjectiveTo explore the economic loss caused by nosocomial infection (NI) in patients with 6 kinds of diseases (simple appendicitis, cholecystolithiasis with cholecystitis,cesarean section, hysteromyoma, bronchopneumonia, and hyperthyroidism). MethodsBased on stratified random sampling, 42 324 case data from 30 differentlevel hospitals in Xinjiang were reviewed retrospectively. ResultsFrom point of disease, NI of appendicitis brought about the highest economic loss among the different diseases ，each patient spent extra ￥1 508.89 yuan; and the direct extra medical cost due to lower respiratory tract infection was the highest among all sites of infection (average ￥3 299.95 yuan); from social point of view, economic loss due to NI of cesarean section was the highest, which were ￥364 279.02 yuan ; from the point of different site, economic loss caused by upper respiratory infection was the highest (￥1 738 870 yuan). ConclusionEconomic loss caused by NI are remarkable, it is of great economic and social benefit to prevent and control NI.