ObjectiveTo realize the current situation about nosocomial infection (NI) in a hospital，so as to provide reference for making the prevention and control measures.MethodsPrevalence rates of NI in patients who were hospitalized on October 25, 2008 were investigated by the combination of bedside examination and medical records checking.ResultsA total of 727 patients were surveyed, prevalence rate was 2.06%, case prevalence rate was 2.20%; the main infection site was  respiratory tract, and constitutional ratio of upper respiratory and lower respiratory tract were both 18.75%; and the usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 26.82%, infected  patients’ pathogenic detection rate was 58.87%, infected  patients’ pathogenic detection rate before using antimicrobial agents was 35.48%.Risk factors for NI were intravenous catheter, application of respirators, underlying diseases and surgical operation.ConclusionSurvey of prevalence rates of NI can promote the realization of patients with NI and provide evidence of NI control.