ObjectiveTo analyze the species and  antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from stool of patients with diarrhea in Tangdu Hospital,  Fourth Military Medical University in Xi'an between 2004 and 2008. MethodsMicroscan WalkAway40 system was used to identify  bacteria and analyze  antimicrobial susceptibility. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed with KirbyBauer method, results were judged according to the standard of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) in 2006. ResultsPositive rate of stool culture was 36.63%. Among 496 isolated  bacteria strains, 163 (32.86%) were grampositive bacteria, 299 (60.28%) were gramnegative bacteria, and 34 (6.85%)were fungus. The main grampositive bacteria were Enterococci (154 strains, 94.48%), the main gramnegative bacteria were Shigella (136 strains, 45.48%). Enterococci were highly susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin, which was 96.10% to 100.00%;  while Shigella were highly susceptible to imipenem, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone and gentamycin, which was 81.62% to 100.00%.  ConclusionIt is of great importance to understand the distribution characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in stool for  controlling infection and  emergence of antimicrobialresistant strains.