ObjectiveTo compare the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of bacillary dysentery and other infective diarrhea for better nonbacteriological diagnosis and differential diagnosis .MethodsEpidemiology and clinical manifestations of 140 bacillary dysentery and 349 other infective diarrhea cases were retrospectively studied, Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the related factors for differentiating bacillary dysentery from other infective diarrhea. ResultsPeak seasonal difference was found statistically significant in the occurrence rate of bacillary dysentery and other infective diarrhea（P＜0.05）,  the former  was in summer time and the latter in autum. Fever, tenesmus, mucous stool, pus and blood stool and tenderness on left lower quadrant were found more frequent in bacillary dysentery cases than in other infective diarrhea, but nausea, vomiting, watery stool and loose stools were the main clinical characteristics of the latter（all P＜0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that  attacked season, tenesmus, fever, mucous stool and tenderness on left lower quadrant were proved to have significant correlation with clinical diagnosis of bacillary dysentery.ConclusionFever, tenesmus, mucous stool, and tenderness on left lower quadrant are the main differential points  between clinically diagnosed bacillary dysentery and other infective diarrhea.