ObjectiveTo realize effect and impact factors of intervention in hand hygiene of health care workers (HCWs) in intensive care units (ICUs)， and evaluate rational and practical hand hygiene intervention methods, so as to enhance the compliance with hand hygiene among HCWs.MethodsThe first intervention stage was in 2008, educational and productive intervention were implemented in general, neurosurgical and neonatal ICUs; The second intervention stage was in 2009, individualized intervention was performed in addition to the above basic intervention strategies. HCWs’ compliance with hand hygiene was investigated based on the questionnaires and onthespot observation of hand hygiene process, the compliance rates before and after implementation of intervention was analysed. ResultsHCWs’ compliance rate of hand hygiene before and after implementing intervention was 25.06% and 41.52% respectively, the compliance rate increased most obviously between medical care activities, which enhanced from 10.11% before implementing intervention to 28.33% after implementing intervention (P=0.01).Compliance rates of hand hygiene were all improved in HCWs in 3 ICUs, and there was significant difference in compliance rate among 3 types of education (P=0.01).ConclusionIntervention with hand hygiene product, basic and individualized education can promote ICU HCWs’ compliance with hand hygiene.