ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of antiretroviral (ARV) treatment on AIDS patients in Hunan Province and to analyze the drug resistance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), so as to improve the treatment effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and provide reference for clinical application of drugs. MethodsBlood  samples of 252 AIDS patients who had taken HAART for more than 6 months were collected for viral load test, viral load of 32 samples were >103 copies/mL,  these samples  were further detected HIV  genotypic resistance profile.ResultsAmong 31 HIV detected sequences , 18 samples were found the drug resistance mutations,13 samples (5.16%,13/252) showed  drug resistance mutation  to protease inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs), 1 (0.40%) sample was resistant to PIs, NRTIs and NNRTIs, 9 (3.57%) were resistant to both NRTIs and NNRTIs, 3 (1.19%) were resistant to NNRTIs. M184V,K103N,Y181CG and G190A were common mutation sites which induced highlevel resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs.ConclusionThe prevalence of HIV drug resistance to PIs among AIDS patients is very low, and NRTIs and NNRTIs are relatively higher; high level NNTIs multidrug resistance has emerged,  the level of HIV drug resistance in AIDS patients in Hunan is still low.