ObjectiveTo investigate the current state of hepatitis B infection in population in Gansu Province ,  evaluate the effect of vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine, and to find out better prevention strategies.MethodsHBsAg was detected among 2 200 persons between 1~ 59 years old selected with multistage stratified cluster sampling method , related data were statistically analysed .ResultsAmong 2 200 persons, 79 were hepatitis B positive, the carrying rate of hepatitis B was  3.59%, which decreased by 52.26% compared with 7.52% of 1992. 1 060 persons received hepatitis B vaccination, 20(1.89%) of whom were hepatitis B positive; 947 persons didn’t receive hepatitis B vaccination, 51 (5.39%) of whom were hepatitis B positive; 193 persons were with unclear hepatitis B vaccination , 8 (4.15%) of whom were hepatitis B positive; There was significant difference in the carrying rate of hepatitis B among population with different vaccination states (P<0.001).Children between 1 ~ 4 years old had the lowest carrying rate (1.13%, 5/442). Among persons with different age, area, gender, and occupation, hepatitis B carrying rate of different immunization state was significantly different (P<0.05%).ConclusionHBsAg carrying rate has declined remarkablely, particularly in children between 1 ~ 4 years old , the effect of immunization among children is obvious, hepatitis B vaccination should cover more wide range of population.