ObjectiveTo study the pathogens in an infection outbreak after cesarean section in a hospital of Shantou, and analyze antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens.MethodsFrom December 2009 to March 2010, 32 specimens (including focal tissue, secretion of incision and pus) were taken from 20 cesarean section patients infected with Mycobacterium abscess, and specimens were performed bacterial culture and gram staining and acidfast staining, The isolates were identified and determined the drug susceptibility on the bases of rapid growing Mycobacterium.ResultsOf 20 patients, 11 patients isolated 14 strains of rapid growing Mycobacterium , all were Mycobacterium abscess. All strains were sensitive to erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and amikacin, medium sensitive to imipenem, linezolid and gentamycin, but resistant to the other antimicrobials.ConclusionThe postoperative infection is caused by Mycobacterium abscess. Management and surveillance of nosocomial infection should be intensified to prevent the occurrence of such incident.