ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of strict management of prophylactic use of antimicrobials in patients during perioperative period. MethodsCrosssectional study was carried out on the rationality of antimicrobial application in patients at general surgery and orthopedics surgery departments in March, 2006 (before intensifying management of antimicrobials) and April, 2009(after intensifying management of antimicrobials) . ResultsPerioperative antimicrobial prophylactic application rate in patients undergoing aseptic operation decreased from 91.16% in March, 2006 to 82.39% in April, 2009(χ2=5.24,P<0.05); Rational application rate increased from 35.07% to 57.93% (χ2=14.61,P<0.05). The main problems of irrational application were the incorrect choice of medicine and long term use .ConclusionProphylactic use of antimicrobials in perioperative patients exist unreasonable factors. Reinforcing management of antimicrobials can improve rationality of prophylactic use.