ObjectiveTo understand the incidence of healthcareassociated infection（HAI）, particularly the deviceassociated (DA) infection, and the effectiveness of implementing infection control interventions in surgical intensive care unit (SICU). MethodsProspective surveillance of patients who had been in SICU for more than 48 hours from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009 were conducted. The main monitoring programs were incidence of HAI and  DA infection including ventilatorassociated pneumonia (VAP), central lineassociated bloodstream infection (CLABSI),  and urinary catheterassociated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rates and their corresponding device utilization(DU) rate.  Interventions were carried out according to the existent problems, infection rates before and after carrying out intervention measures were compared. ResultsA total of 639 patients in SICU were surveyed,  there were 129 (20.19%)  cases of  HAIs,  including 77 (59.69%)DA infections (52 VAP,12 CLABSI, 13 CAUTI) . Through carrying out the interventions, the compliance of hand hygiene of healthcare workers  increased year by year, the usage of hand hygiene products per hospitalization day from 2007 to 2009 were 41.59 mL/HD, 82.71 mL/HD and 84.33 mL/HD respectively; The incidence of VAP  decreased from 27.17 per 1 000 mechanical ventilation days in 2007 to 9.09 per 1 000 mechanical ventilation days in 2009（χ2＝2.79，P＝0.00）, but there was no remarkable change in  incidence of CLABSI and CAUTI.ConclusionThe rates of HAI and DA infection in SICU are high, but it can be reduced effectively through carrying out appropriate interventions.