ObjectiveTo understand the status of nosocomial infection (NI) and communityacquired infection (CAI) and antimicrobial use in  Fujian Province, and provide the evidence for targeted monitoring.MethodsAll inpatients in 116 hospitals were requested to make a prevalence survey of NI and CAI and antimicrobial use by bedside visiting and patients’ medical records checking, and data were analysed statiscally.ResultsA total of 116 surveyed data were collected, 113(97.41%) of which were qualified , 48 947 patients were actually investigated.1 595 (3.26%) patients developed 1 739 cases(3.55%) of NI ; 9 751(19.92%) patients developed 10 062 cases(22.56%) of CAI.The major  infection site was lower respiratory tract, which accounting for 49.34% of NI,and 45.70% of CAI. Gramnegative bacilli were the major pathogens , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen（15.05%） in NI，Escherichia coli was the major pathogen in CAI(8.90%). The departments with high NI prevalence rates were general intensive care unit (38.22%,99/259), hematological unit(12.54%, 85/678), and neurosurgical unit(9.44%, 152/1 611); the department with high CAI prevalence were nonneonatal group of pediatric unit (82.02%, 2 053/2 503), respiratory unit(70.46%, 1 577/ 2 238), neonatal group in pediatric unit(52.23%, 409/783). The daily usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 38.28% (18 738/48 947), and pathogen detection rate in patients with curative antimicrobial use was 42.68%(4 735/11 093).ConclusionThe management of departments with high NI rate should be strengthened , pathogen detection rate should be enhanced, monitor on multidrugresistant pathogens and management of antimicrobial agents should be intensified.