ObjectiveTo study the distribution and drugresistance of pathogens isolated from children with lower respiratory tract infections in a hospital.MethodsBacterial strains isolated from sputum specimens from February to September,2010 were identified and performed antimicrobial susceptibility test by VITEK2compact system.ResultsA total of 4 094 strains (34.74%) were isolated from 11 785 sputum samples, 2 826 (69.03%) of which were gramnegative bacilli, including 1 012 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 574 Escherichia coli, 438 Acinetobacter baumannii, 221 Enterobacter cloacae,and so on; 1 167 (28.50%) strains of grampositive cocci were detected, including 402 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 296 Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 193 Staphylococcus epidermidis; 101 (2.47％) strains of fungi were also detected. Positive rate of extendedspectrum betalactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli was 23.91% and 22.13%, respectively; gramnegative bacilli were highly sensitive to imipenem, the resistant rate was between 0.00%-2.97%. 12.19% of Staphylococcus aureus, 35.75% of Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 47.87% of Staphylococcus haemolyticus were methicillinresistant, these strains were highly sensitive to vancomycin, the resistant rate was 0.00%. Eight strains (2.70%) of Streptococcus pneumoniae were resistant to vancomycin, while sensitive to linezolid, the resistant rate was 0.00%. ConclusionThere are multidrugresistant strains in children with lower respiratory tract infection, in order to reduce the emergence of drug resistant strain, antimicrobial agents should be used according to antimicrobial susceptibility test results.