ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of rational application of perioperative antimicrobial agents in a hospital. MethodsApplication of perioperative antimicrobial agents in type Ⅰincision operations of thyroid gland, mammary gland and abdominal external hernia before intervention (AprilJune,2008; 90 cases, nonintervention group) and after intervention (AprilJune,2010 ;90 cases, intervention group) were compared by case control study.ResultsAntimicrobial application rate and nonindicated antimicrobial preventive application rate decreased from 100% and 46.67% in nonintervention group to 42.22% and 8.89% in intervention one respectively; The rate of irrational choice of drugs decreased from 66.67% in nonintervention group to 1.11% in intervention one; The pre and postoperative irrational application rate of antimicrobial agents decreased from 68.89% and 68.89% in nonintervention group to 7.78% and 5.56% in intervention one respectively; The average cost of antimicrobial agents decreased from 220.13 yuan in nonintervention group to 94.24 yuan in intervention one (P<0.01).ConclusionThe intervention for rational application of perioperative antimicrobial agents is feasible and effective.