ObjectiveTo realize hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis, and to put forward strategies for preventing and controlling HCV infection.MethodsCrosssectional survey were performed on HCV infection and related factors among patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis in hospitals that voluntarily participated in the survey between March 10,2010 and April 10,2010.ResultsA total of 423 hospitals participated in the survey, 395(93.38%) of which were qualified for statistical analysis. A total of 21 918 patients were surveyed,448 of whom didn’t perform HCV detection, 1 506 patients were HCV positive, positive rate was 7.01%(1 506/21 470). 1 060 patients were detected positive HCV during initial dialysis, the positive rate was 5.04%(1 060/21 024). Stratification was undertaken according to the number of dialysis patients,the number of dialysis cases by each dialysis machine per month, and the number of dialysis cases performed by each nurse per month, there was significant difference in HCV positive rate between each group(all P<0.01); the difference among different dialysis duration and HCV positive rate in patients receiving dialysis at different hospitals was statistically significant(P<0.01). ConclusionHCV infection rates are high at hospital with more dialysis, in patients with long duration of dialysis,and patients receiving dialysis at multiple hospitals.