ObjectiveTo evaluate the status of nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit(NICU), so as to determine risk factors and effective preventive and control measures.MethodsAll neonates who were hospitalized between March 1, 2010 to February 28, 2011 were monitored based on Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Standard and the monitored results were analyzed statistically.Results368 neonates were monitored, 43 of whom developed 52 times of infection, infection rate was 11.68%, infection case rate was 14.13%. Premature neonates and verylow birth weight neonates were high risk population for nosocomial infection.ConclusionTargeted monitoring can reflect the weak link of infection control work, and promote nosocomial infection control.