ObjectiveTo evaluate the features of infection after kidney transplantation, so as make effective prevention and control measures.MethodsFollowup study was conducted on 351 patients who received kidney transplantation in a hospital from June 2007 to June 2010. ResultsPostoperative infection rate in kidney transplant patients was 18.80%(66/351), 2.85%(10/351) of whom were infected during hospital stay, 15.95%(56/351) were infected after discharged from hospital. Among patients who were infected after discharged from hospital, 73.21%(41/56) developed infection within 3 months after discharged. The initial symptom of all patients was fever. Among 55 patients with respiratory tract infection after discharged from hospital, positive detection rate of pathogens was only 16.36%(9/55), sputum culture of 3 patients were detected coagulasenegative Staphylococcus, 1 patient was detected Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 patient was detected Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 4 were detected Pneumocystis carinii.ConclusionPatients are at the biggest risk of infection within 3 months after discharge, which is the key period for controlling infection.