ObjectiveTo evaluate the intervention effect on perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) in gynecologic operation through surgical site infection surveillance.MethodsPAP for 696 patients with gynecological operation was supervised according to the Guidelines of Perioperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis, feedback of surveillance results and antimicrobial application were performed. PAP in gynecologic operation before and after intervention was compared.ResultsThe rate of rational choice of antimicrobial agents within 3060 minutes before surgery increased from 78.59% (334/425) of preintervention to 89.26%(241/270) of postintervention (χ2=13.20, P<0.05). The rate of prophylactic duration ≤ 48 hours increased from 3.32% (12/362) of preintervention to 44.98% （103/229） of post intervention， the rate of duration >72 hours decreased from 84.53% (306/362) to 41.92%(96/229) (P<0.05).ConclusionIntervention can standardize perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis,enhance the rational choice of antimicrobial agents and shorten the prophylactic duration.