ObjectiveTo evaluate the rationality of antimicrobial application during perioperative period of three clean incision operations including thyroid surgery, breast surgery, and hernia repairing surgery before and after monitoring rational use of antimicrobial agents in a hospital, and survey the effect of the intervention measures.Methods2 408 case histories of patients who were hospitalized from June 1, 2008 to May 31, 2009 (preintervention group) and from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010 (postintervention group) were collected and compared.ResultsAfter intervention, the percentage of antimicrobial use decreased from 97.94%(1 093/1 116) to 89.09% (1 151/1 292); combination use rate declined from 37.63%(420/1 116) to 13.39% (173/1 292);prophylactic use rate 2 hours before operations increased from 60.13% (671/1 116) to 77.24%(998/1 292); the ratios of average expense of antimicrobial use to the total expense and to all drug expense decreased obviously, respectively（P＜0.05）;  There was no statistical difference in Margin I/armour healing rate of incision between two groups (99.19% vs 99.39%,P＞0.05).ConclusionThe intervention management can improve the rational use of antimicrobial agents, reduce expense of antimicrobial agents, and as well as promote the safe, effective and economical clinical application of antimicrobial agents.