ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus （HCV） infection in hemodialysis(HD) patients at a hospital in Changsha.MethodsGeneral information and clinical data of 74 patients who received HD from January to July,2010 in a hospital were collected, univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for HCV infection.ResultsOf 74 patients, 23 were HCV antibody positive, the prevalence of HCV infection was 31.08%. Univariate analysis showed that HCV infection was associated with duration of HD, history of blood transfusion, the number of hospitals offering HD, and frequency of HD per week； multivariate analysis showed that the duration of HD and the number of hospitals offering HD were major risk factors.ConclusionDuration of HD and the number of hospitals offering HD are direct risk factors for HCV infection in HD patients.