ObjectiveTo investigate independent risk factors and pathogens of tracheotomyassociated pulmonary infection(PI). MethodsClinical data of 132 patients with tracheotomy were analyzed retrospectively, and related risk factors were analyzed with unconditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 84 cases of PI developed in 132 patients (63.64%). Unconditional multivariate Lgistic regression analysis showed that the related risk factors were age<14 years or>65 years, blood transfusion, late tracheotomy, smoking in the past 5 years, disturbance of consciousness, and use of antacids. A total of 178 pathogenic isolates were isolated, and the most common were gramnegative bacteria (141 isolates, 79.21%). Among 14 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 12(85.71%) were methicillinresistant strains.ConclusionThe morbidity of tracheotomyassociated PI is high, and the main pathogens are gramnegative bacteria. Effective measures should be taken to control the related risk factors.