ObjectiveTo investigate the source, distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria in patients with bacterial infection in Hunan Province, so as to provide reference for clinical empirical antimicrobial use.MethodsWHONET 5.6 software was used for analyzing bacterial drugresistance surveillance data reported to Hunan Provincial Bacterial AntimicrobialResistance Surveillance System in 2011 by hospitals participating in the system.ResultsA total of 24 632 bacterial isolates were collected, 17 413 (70.69%) isolates had information about the sources of specimens, 48.87%, 11.95% and 8.14% of which were sputum, urine and blood specimens respectively. Distribution of bacteria was as follows: grampositive bacteria 7 784 isolates(31.60%), gramnegative bacteria 16 848 isolates(68.40%), the top three bacteria were Escherichia coli(17.68%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(12.85%), and Staphylococcus aureus(11.69%). Enterobacteriaceaes were most sensitive to carbapenems(sensitive rate were 90.2%-98.9%); among nonfermentative bacteria, the sensitive rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to amikacin was 80.0%, Acinetobacter baumannii to cefoperazone/sulbactam was 77.1%; the sensitive rate of Staphylococcus spp. to teicoplanin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid, and vancomycin were 90.5%-100.0%, and 37.4% of Staphylococcus aureus and 69.8% of coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS) were methicillinresistant; Among Enterococcus spp., Enterococcus faecalis had the highest sensitive rate to teicoplanin(98.2%), and Enterococcus faecium had the highest sensitive rate to linezolid(96.4%).ConclusionSpecimens from sterile sites are not common, delivery rate of specimens from sterile sites should be enhanced; the main bacteria are gramnegative bacteria, for the empirical antimicrobial use, antimicrobial agents should be chosen according to probable pathogens.