ObjectiveTo compare correlation between preventive perioperative antimicrobial application and surgical site infection (SSI) of type Ⅰ incision operation in a general surgery department.MethodsSince 2010, preventive perioperative use of antimicrobial agents in thyroid surgery, breast surgery and hernia repair surgery has been intervened, a series of control measures on the use of antimicrobial agents have been established according to The detailed management rules of preventive perioperative antimicrobial agents use in type Ⅰ incision operation in general surgery department. Difference in the use of antimicrobial agents and SSI rates before and after intervention were analyzed.ResultsThe usage rate in three kinds of operations was 21.28%(60/282) before intervention and 3.21%(15/468) after intervention (χ2=63.85，P<0.05)；the average hospitalization day was （4.09±2.99）d before intervention and （3.67±2.47）d after intervention（χ2=3.704，P=0.000）； the types of antimicrobial agents decreased after intervention; SSI rate was both 0.00% before and after intervention.ConclusionSSI won't increase if preventive perioperative antimicrobial agents aren't used in type Ⅰ incision operation.