ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence rates of healthcareassociated infection (HAI) and antimicrobial use in a hospital in 2011 and 2012, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HAI as well as rational use of antimicrobial agents. MethodsSurveys were conducted on hospitalized patients from June 20, 2011 to June 23, 2011 and those from May 21, 2012 to May 23, 2012, HAI prevalence rates as well as antimicrobial use were analyzed.ResultsA total of 987 patients were investigated, the actual investigation rate was 99.60%(495/497) in 2011and 100.00%(492/492) in 2012 respectively； there was no significant difference in HAI prevalence rate between 2011 and 2012 (2.42% vs 2.64%, χ2=0.05，P＞0.05). In 2011 and 2012, the daily usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 41.41% and 25.61% respectively (χ2=27.65，P＜0.01), the usage rate of therapeutic antimicrobial agents was 58.05% and 83.33% respectively (χ2=29.108，P＜0.01), pathogenic detection rate increased from 56.49% in 2011 to 76.77% in 2012（χ2=45.45，P＜0.01）. ConclusionSurvey on HAI prevalence rate is helpful for realizing the occurrence and control efficacy of HAI; the reducing of prophylactic antimicrobial application and rational use of antimicrobial agents will not lead to the increase of HAI rate.