ObjectiveTo investigate the awareness status about HIV/AIDS and its influencing factors in the floating population in Hefei.MethodsConvenience sampling method was adopted to select floating population from construction sites, restaurants, markets, and enterprise. Subjects were surveyed with questionnaires, data were analyzed.ResultsA total of 819 persons were investigated, 758 (92.55%) effective questionnaires were available. The total awareness rate of HIV/AIDS prevention was 52.90% (401/758), restaurant workers 44.03% (59/134), market staff 45.41% (89/196), enterprise workers 63.64% (133/209), and construction workers 54.79% (120/219), the difference in the awareness rate of HIV/AIDSrelated knowledge among population of above four careers was statistically significant (χ2=18.63, P<0.001). The necessity to further understand HIV/AIDSrelated knowledge was highest among restaurant workers (85.07%); the awareness rate of correct use of condoms for preventing AIDS was highest among construction workers (64.84%); the percentage of being unwilling to contact with AIDS patients or not allowing AIDS patients continue to work was highest among restaurant workers(82.09%, 83.58%, respectively), the differences of above had statistical significance(P<0.05). Factors infuencing communication between floating people and AIDS patients were career and awareness rate of HIV/AIDS; influencing factors about whether floating people allowed AIDS patients continue to work were career, education degree, and awareness rate of HIV/AIDS.ConclusionThe awareness rate of HIV/AIDS prevention among floating population is low and should be enhanced; the knowledge of safe and protected sexual behaviour need to be propagated; the discrimination against AIDS patients should be eliminated.