ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of oneyear highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） on antiviral effect and immune reconstruction in HIV/AIDS patients.MethodsThirtyfive HIV/AIDS patients were initially treated with HAART when CD4+T cells were <350/μL, blood samples were taken at the HAART time point 0,6,12 months, the virus load was tested by RTPCR, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, CD4+ naive cells, CD4+ memory cells and CD8+ activated cells were detected by flowcytometry.ResultsThe average virus load of 35 patients was (4.62±1.09)×106 copies/mL before HAART, and was lower than the lower limit of detection value after HAART for 6 months and 12 months. The levels of CD4+ T cells, CD4+ naive cells and CD4+ memory cells were (312±109.22) /μL,（150±57.34）/μL and （212±48.06）/μL respectively after HAART for 12 months, while they were （183±83.73）/μL, （73±20.40）/μL and （119±30.42）/μL respectively at the baseline （P＜0.01）, but they were still lower than healthy control group(［768±146.41］/μL,［424±87.06］/μL and ［442±61.40］/μL, respectively)（P＜0.05）;the level of CD8+ T cells were（427±99.79）/μL after HAART, which decreased significantly compared with （597±111.43）/μL of the baseline （P＜0.05）, but still higher than （208±37.39）/μL of healthy control group （P＜0.05）.ConclusionHAART can both inhibit virus replication rapidly and reconstruct HIV/AIDS patients’ immunity partially.