ObjectiveTo evaluate the basic protocol,rationality and therapeutic effect of antimicrobials used in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).MethodsMedical data of all AECOPD patients who were discharged from a hospital between July and December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively, antimicrobial use was statistically analyzed, and the rationality of antimicrobial use in AECOPD patients was evaluated according to “Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment for COPD”.ResultsAfter intervention, antimicrobial use density dropped from 210.36 to 94.89; length of hospital stay, number of antimicrobial combination use, number of change in antimicrobial with no reason, average cost of hospitalization, drug use, antimicrobial use, as well as ratio of drug or antimicrobial cost to all hospitalization cost all decreased significantly(P<0.05); sputum culture rate and positive detection rate of sputum culture increased significantly (P<0.05).ConclusionIntervention in antimicrobial use can improve the rational application rate and decrease the cost of drug use.