ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in thoracic tumor surgery patients.MethodsClinical data of 796 thoracic tumor patients in a hospital from December 2008 to November 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsOf 796 patients, 156 developed 167 times of HAI,HAI rate was 19.60%, case infection rate was 20.98%;the most common infection site was lower respiratory tract（59.28%，99/167），followed by upper respiratory tract (15.57%，26/167）,surgical incision （10.18%，17/167）and urinary tract （5.39%，9/167）. Univariate analysis revealed that patients≥ 60 years of age, smoking, length of hospital stay ≥15 days, duration of surgery≥3 hours, tracheal catheter indwelling≥5 hours, complicated underlying diseases (diabetes,chronic bronchitis, pulmonary dysfunction,et al), preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, central or peripheral venous catheterization, and use of immunosuppressive agents were risk factors for HAI in thoracic tumor surgery patients (all P<0.05). ConclusionIncidence of HAI in thoracic tumor surgery patients is high, effective preventive measures should be taken to control and reduce the occurrence of HAI.