ObjectiveTo realize the current situation and risk factors of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in a hospital, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving management of HAI.MethodsA crosssectional survey on HAI prevalence was conducted by combination of bedside examination and medical record review, all hospitalized patients from 00∶00 to 24∶00 on May 10, 2012 were included in the survey.ResultsA total of 2 700 patients should be surveyed, 2 684 of whom (99.41%) were actually surveyed. 67 patients developed 74 times of HAI, HAI prevalence rate and case rate was 2.50% and 2.76% respectively; 171 patients developed 182 times of communityacquired infection (CAI),CAI prevalence rate and case rate was 6.37% and 6.78% respectively. The stem cell transplantation ward had the highest HAI prevalence (25.00%, 2/8), followed by hematology department(7.77%,8/103) and the department of plastic surgery (6.82%,3/44); lower respiratory tract was the main site of HAI (41.90%), followed by urinary system (10.81%) and surgical incision (9.46%). Antimicrobial usage rate was 32.94%(884/2 684), 76.24% of which were for prophylactic use, 3.28% for both prophylactic and therapeutic use, and 20.48% for therapeutic use;the usage rate of single,combination of 2,3 or more antimicrobial agents accounted for 86.65%,12.78%, and 0.57% respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that risk factors of HAI were tracheotomy, indwelling urinary catheterization, peripherally inserted central catheterization, drainage, and enteral nutrition.ConclusionPrevalence survey of HAI helps to know the occurrence of HAI; hospital should strengthen the management of key departments,avoid unnecessary invasive operation, standardize the use of antimicrobial agents, and reduce the incidence of HAI.