ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of distribution and drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae(S. pneumoniae) in a large teaching hospital, and provide the basis for the rational use of antimicrobial agents in the clinic.Methods192 clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae from Xiangya Hospital between November 2010 and November 2012 were identified by Vitek2 system. Susceptibility of these isolates to 14 kinds of commonly used antimicrobial agents were determined by KirbyBauer method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S.pneumoniae to penicillin was determined by agar dilution method.ResultsS.pneumoniae were mainly from pediatric department(36.98%), sputum was main specimen (64.07%); patients’ age showed bimodal distribution, mainly <5 and >50 years old. The resistance rates of S. pneumoniae to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and clindamycin were all >80%. MIC range of penicillin to all S.pneumoniae was 0.015- ≥ 32.0 μg/mL, MIC50 and MIC90 was 2.0 μg/mL and 16.0 μg/mL respectively. The resistance rates of noninvasive S. pneumoniae was higher than invasive one.ConclusionAntimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae in this hospital is serious, the emergence of penicillinresistant S. pneumoniae should be paid attention during clinical treatment.