ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in patients undergoing neurosurgical operation, and provide reference for preventing postoperative infection.MethodsClinical data of 2 496 patients undergoing neurosurgical operation were analyzed, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis on risk factors for HAI were performed.ResultsOf 2 496 patients, 421 developed 447 episodes of HAI, HAI rate and case rate was 16.87% and 17.91% respectively; the main infection site was surgical site(42.06%，188 cases),followed by lower respiratory tract(33.56%,150 cases) and urinary tract(10.51%,47 cases). Univariate analysis showed that the related risk factors for postoperative infection were age, primary diseases, duration of operation, tracheal intubation/tracheotomy, blood transfusion, a second operation, preoperative hyperglycemia(all P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years old（OR 95% CI：1.19-2.06）,duration of operation ≥3 hours（OR 95% CI：1.61-2.87）, tracheal intubation/tracheotomy（OR 95% CI：2.90-5.50）, blood transfusion（OR 95% CI：1.58-2.63）, and preoperative hyperglycemia（OR 95% CI：1.52-2.79） were independent risk factors for infection in patients undergoing neurosurgical operation.ConclusionThe occurrence of HAI in patients undergoing neurosurgical operation is related to multiple factors, surveillance on HAI should be intensified.