ObjectiveTo evaluate characteristics of prevention and control of healthcareassociated infection (HAI) during treatment for earthquake victims after Wenchuan earthquake and Yaan earthquake.MethodsField investigation and literature review were conducted to compare the characteristics of HAI prevention and control between two earthquakes.ResultsCompared with medical rescue after Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the challenge after Yaan earthquake in 2013 was less, infection control emergency preparedness and response of hospitals, including preview and triage, prevention and control of emphysematous gangrene, targeted surveillance and intervention in high risk factors, improved obviously. Infection control in preliminary tent hospitals was on the right track. ConclusionThe main characteristics of effective HAI prevention and control measures during treatment for earthquake victims are four early （early involvement, early screen, early isolation, and early intervention）and six demands (government attention， multidisciplinary cooperation， personalized prevention and control scheme， combination of infection theory with measures during the whole treatment process, scientific and standard infection control measures, professionals in infection control），so as to ensure the medical safety of the treatment for disaster victims.