ObjectiveTo investigate the application of antimicrobial agents before and after the enforcement of special rectification activities in an occupational diseases prevention and treatment hospital. MethodsAntimicrobial application in inpatients and outpatients from January 2010 to September 2012 were analyzed statistically; From May 2011, the special rectification activities on antimicrobial application were carried out, the data before and after intervention was compared.ResultsCompared with preintervention (between January 2010 and April 2011), data of antimicrobial application after intervention(between May 2011 and September 2012) were as follows: antimicrobial usage rate and antimicrobial use density in inpatients decreased significantly(29.98% vs 39.45%; 34.60 vs 49.56, respectively), singleagent application rate and specimen detection rate in patients receiving antimicrobial agents increased significantly(73.02% vs 55.58%;74.29% vs 49.87%,respectively）, the usage rate of antimicrobial agents in outpatients decreased significantly (19.87% vs 43.09%)(P＜0.005 or P＜0.05）.ConclusionThe special rectification activities in 2011 greatly improved the rationality of clinical application of antimicrobial agents.