ObjectiveTo realize the incidence of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in patients after receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)procedure, and to evaluate the related factors for HAI.MethodsClinical data of patients receiving ECMO from January 2003 to December 2012 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.ResultsOf 43 patients receiving ECMO, 15 （34.88％）developed 24 times（55.81％） of HAI. The main HAI site was lower respiratory tract（n=12,50.00%）,followed by blood stream（n=6，25.00%）,skin and soft tissue（n=5，20.83%）.A total of 28 isolates of pathogens were detected, gramnegative bacilli were 19（67.86%）isolates， grampositive cocci 7（25.00%）, and fungi 2（7.14%）; pathogens were mainly isolated from specimens of sputum（n=12，42.86%）, blood （n=9，32.14%）and wound secretion（n=6，21.43%）. The incidence of postoperative HAI in ECMO patients was related with patients’ age, duration of ECMO, complication, mechanical ventilation,tracheal intubation or tracheotomy, and indwelling urinary catheter.ConclusionHAI in patients receiving ECMO is high, hospital should take corresponding prevention and control measures targeting to the related risk factors of infection, so as to reduce the incidence of HAI after the ECMO.