ObjectiveTo explore feasible methods of hand hygiene intervention, and improve the compliance with hand hygiene among health care workers (HCWs).MethodsHand hygiene promotion activities were carried out in 20 medical institutes of Wuhan city, questionnaires and field observation were used to evaluate the change before and after the intervention.ResultsAfter intervention, hand hygiene knowledge among HCWs increased significantly, the compliance rate of hand hygiene rose from 60.59% （143/236）to 84.08%（243/289）(χ2=36.82,P＜0.001) before direct contact with patients; healthcareassociated infection (HAI) in patients in intervened department decreased from 39.33% (118/300）to 31.20%（83/266）（χ2=4.07,P=0.04）, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05）.ConclusionTaking positive and effective hand hygiene promotion activities can obviously enhance hand hygiene compliance of HCWs,and reduce the incidence of HAIs.