ObjectiveTo investigate hand hygiene compliance of health care workers (HCWs) in a hospital, and evaluate intervention measures.MethodsQuestionnaires were designed and filled out by HAI management professionals through unannounced visits and random quiz. ResultsFrom July to September 2013, a total of 1 188 HCWs were surveyed , hand hygiene compliance rate was 61.87%, of which handwashing correct rate was 58.90%.Hand hygiene compliance rate of nurses  (71.00%) was higher than doctors (57.80%) and  other HCWs (32.14%)，correct hand washing rate (65.43%) was higher than other HCWs (38.89%) (P<0.0125) . Hand hygiene compliance of different work opportunities and different professions were different slightly, hand hygiene compliance rate after contact with patients’ blood, body fluid and wound dressing was the highest(81.58%);hand hygiene rate before contact with patients was the lowest(34.62%) .Only 297 patients (25.00%) used rapidly act hand disinfectant. ConclusionHand hygiene compliance rate of HCWs in this hospital need to be  improved.