ObjectiveTo evaluate distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in  neonatal infectious pneumonia.MethodsSputum specimens and ends of tracheal intubation of neonates at neonatal intensive care unit and pediatric intensive care unit between January  2010 and  December 2013 were cultured,and isolated pathogens were identified and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing.ResultsA total of  3 278 pathogenic isolates were isolated, 1 391(42.43%) were grampositive cocci, 1 884(57.47%) were gramnegative bacilli，and 3(0.09%) were fungi. The top five  pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus(22.82%)，Klebsiella pneumoniae(20.01%)，Escherichia coli(17.33%), Staphylococcus epidermidis(6.96%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus(4.94%). The detection rate of extendedspectrum βlactamaseproducing  Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli was 66.46% and 66.55%,respectively.Susceptibility rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae  and Escherichia coli    to piperacillin / tazobactam,cefepime and cefotetan were>84, susceptibility rates of  Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to ampicillin / sulbactam，fosfomycin and linezolid were all 100%.  ConclusionMonitoring on pathogens in neonatal infectious pneumonia is helpful for realizing the epidemiological trend and drug resistance  characteristics, and can promote the rational use of antimicrobial agents for  the treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia.