ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude and practice of occupational exposure to blood and precaution among health care workers (HCWs), and to evaluate the factors affecting  wearing gloves and isolation gowns. MethodsHCWs in a hospital on October 16，2102  were investigated through  questionnaires. ResultsA total of 374 HCWs were investigated, the average training  per HCW  were（1.47±1.54）times, HCWs in internal medicine department  were  （2.00±2.12）times, which was higher than HCWs in the other departments (P＜0.001).The score of occupational blood exposure and precaution knowledge among  HCWs with Master’s degree or above and doctors was （88.43±11.09）and （88.14±11.48）respectively. There was no significant difference in attitude and practice among different HCWs (P>0.05). The main factors affecting wearing gloves and isolation gowns were inconvenient  for manipulation and inadequate facility. ConclusionThe knowledge, attitude and practice of occupational blood exposure and precaution among HCWs are not desirable. Measures should be taken to improve HCWs’occupational precaution standard.