ObjectiveTo investigate antimicrobial  use in 33 township central hospitals, and improve the rational use of antimicrobial agents. MethodsThirtythree township central  hospitals in 11 counties were randomly selected,  7 920  outpatient prescriptions, medical records of 465 nonsurgery patients and 213 surgery patients were investigated and analyzed. ResultsOf 33 hospitals, antimicrobial  usage rate in outpatients and inpatients was  56.60% and 89.68% respectively，combined antimicrobial  usage rate was 24.16% and 43.58% respectively. Antimicrobial use density in inpatients was 147.25DDDs. Antimicrobial usage rate  in surgery patients was 97.18%, combined antimicrobial  usage rate was 59.90%，the percentage of one drug, twodrug combination and threedrug combination was 40.10%, 47.82%, and 12.08%  respectively.  The percentage of antimicrobial use in patients of type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲincision was 97.56%（40/41）, 96.93%（158/163） and 100.00%（9/9）respectively，combined antimicrobial usage rate was 30.00%,67.72%, and 44.44% respectively.ConclusionThe overuse of antimicrobial agents exists in 33 township central hospitals, antimicrobial usage rate, combined usage rate, antimicrobial use density and antimicrobial prophylaxis in typeⅠincision operations are all high.