ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence rates of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) and antimicrobial use in a maternal and child health hospital, so as to provide reference for preventing and controlling HAI.  MethodsA crosssectional survey on HAI prevalence of all hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2014 was conducted by combination of bedside examination and medical record review. ResultsThe prevalence rates of HAI in 2010—2014 was 3.29%, 5.20%, 3.97%, 3.93% and 3.73% respectively. HAI mainly occurred in patients at department of pediatrics (9.09%-12.96%), the major infection site was upper respiratory tract (50.00%-69.56%). Antimicrobial usage rate was 50.19%, 41.40%, 23.40%, 25.47% and 23.92% respectively, which decreased year by year (χ2=133.40,P<0.001); antimicrobial prophylactic usage rate was as high as 57.38%-75.47%; single usage rate were all>95%.ConclusionAntimicrobial agents used by hospitalized patients showed a overall downward trend from 2010 to 2014., but antimicrobial prophylactic usage rate is high, management of antimicrobial agents should be strengthened.