ObjectiveTo evaluate diagnostic method and infection factors for catheterrelated bloodstream infection(CRBSI) due to Rhizobium radiobacter (R. radiobacter) in pediatric patients. MethodsClinical data of 1 014 pediatric patients with central venous catheter(CVC)related treatment in a hospital from February 2012 to February 2014 were collected, semiquantitative  culturing  of catheter, colony forming unit (CFU) ratio of catheter to venous blood, difference in culture time between venous blood and catheter were detected among patients with R.radiobacter infection；factors for R. radiobacter infection were analyzed.ResultsOf 1 014 pediatric patients who used CVC, 32 were detected R. radiobacter from catheter blood, 28 were detected from venous blood, 27 were detected from both catheter and venous blood. Catheter semiquantitative  culture of 27 patients were ≥15 CFU, 5 were＜15 CFU; CFU ratio of catheter to venous blood of 22 patients were ≥5:1, 6 were＜5:1; difference in culture time between venous blood and catheter of 26 patients were ≥2 hours, 2 were＜2 hours. Risk factor analysis revealed that child’s age, catheter indwelling time of each group were significantly different  (both P＜0.05). ConclusionCatheter semiquantitative culture, CFU ratio of catheter to venous blood，and difference in  culture time between venous and catheter blood are important diagnostic  basis for confirming  R.radiobacter bloodstream infection; patients aged <2 years, catheter indwelling time >5 days are risk factors for R.radiobacter bloodstream infection.