ObjectiveTo understand the incidence and related risk factors of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in neurological patients with cerebrovascular diseases. MethodsThe occurrence and risk factors of HAI in patients with cerebrovascular diseases in a hospital between Jan and December 2013 were investigated and analyzed.  ResultsOf 3 573  investigated patients，214 had HAI, the incidence of HAI was 5.99%；the main infection site was respiratory tract （54.67%）, followed by urinary tract (25.23%). Univariate analysis revealed that age，length of hospitalization，disturbance of consciousness,   chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, invasive procedures, application of antacids, and antimicrobial prophylaxis were all related to the occurrence of HAI (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that disturbance of consciousness, old age, invasive procedures, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and diabetes mellitus  were independent risk factors for the occurrence of HAI (all P＜0.05). ConclusionThe incidence of HAI is high in hospitalized patients of the neurology department，there are multiple risk factors associated with HAI， it is necessary to take corresponding interventions for reducing the incidence of HAI.