ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of compliance with hand hygiene  among health care workers (HCWs) in a comprehensive hospital in Xi’an. MethodsStatus of hand hygiene among HCWs in 73 clinical departments was observed directly.Results404 moments for hand hygiene of 404 HCWs were observed,  255 times of hand hygiene were implemented, 181 times of hand hygiene were correct, the total compliance rate was 63.12%, and correct rate was 44.80%. Compliance  rate and correct rate of hand hygiene of HCWs in intensive care unit were both  higher than general wards (91.89% vs 60.22%,χ2=14.485，P＜0.001; 81.08% vs  41.14%, χ2=5.671，P=0.017）. Among HCWs of different occupations, compliance rate and correct rate of  hand hygiene of nurses were both the highest （73.76% and 60.18% respectively）, while auxiliary persons were both the lowest （40.90% and 10.20% respectively）；among five moments for hand hygiene,  compliance rate was highest  after body fluid and blood exposure (80.00%),  correct rate was highest before aseptic procedure  (62.96%). ConclusionThere is a high compliance rate and low correct rate of hand hygiene among HCWs in this hospital. Compliance rate and  correct rate of hand hygiene among HCWs in different departments, different occupations and different hand hygiene moments are varied,  compliance with hand hygiene among HCWs should be paid extensive attention.