ObjectiveTo evaluate the drill method to prepare for healthcareassociated infection (HAI) outbreak, and strengthen the control of HAI outbreak. MethodsAccording to two cases of surgical site infection (SSI) reported by a neurosurgical department on January 16,2014,  HAI  outbreak emergency drill was started, SSI occurred from January 2012 to January 2014 were analyzed,  specimens of air, object surface and hands of health care workers(HCWs) in the SSIrelated operating room and neurosurgical intensive care unit(NSICU) were taken and analyzed. ResultsIn July 2013, 3 cases of SSI occurred in neurosurgical department  ( 1 case was suspected of SSI, and didn’t perform cerebrospinal fluid culture), SSI didn’t exceed 2 cases in the other months, and SSI outbreak couldn’t be confirmed. 16 specimens of air, object surface and hands of HCWs in operating room were taken, microbial detection results were all qualified. 13 specimens of air, object surface and hands of HCWs in NSICU were taken, qualified rate was 61.54%; and mould was detected from 2 air specimens. 24 disposable objects of neurosurgical department were performed bacterial culture, 3 were positive, and all were qualified after repeated detection. ConclusionHAI outbreak drill is helpful for HAI  management professional personnel to grasp the method of HAI outbreak investigation method, improve the correct hand washing of surgeons and nurses, strengthen the standard operating procedure, and ensure the safety of patients.