ObjectiveTo investigate the application of antimicrobial agents in a tertiary firstclass hospital before and after implementing special rectification activity on clinical antimicrobial use. MethodsData about antimicrobial use in a hospital in Sichuan Province between  January 2011 and December 2013 were collected and analyzed retrospectively, data included antimicrobial varieties, the ratio of antimicrobial prescription in outpatient department to emergency department, percentage of antimicrobial application expense in the total hospitalization expense,  antimicrobial use rate and use density,  antimicrobial use rate and use density of special use antimicrobial agents, microbial detection for patients receiving restricted and special antimicrobials.ResultsBefore implementing rectification of antimicrobial use, there were 88 kinds of antimicrobial agents in hospital, after implementing rectification, there were 50 kinds of antimicrobial agents. The ratio of antimicrobial prescription in outpatient department to emergency department,  and the percentage of antimicrobial expense in the total hospitalization expense were both lower than before rectification (both P<0.05）. Antimicrobial use rate and antimicrobial use rate of special use  antimicrobial agents before and after rectification were all statistically different（all P<0.05）.Compared with before rectification, microbial detection rate of specimens from patients receiving restricted and special use antimicrobial agents improved significantly (both P<0.05). Perioperative antimicrobial prophylactic use rate in patients with class Ⅰincisional operation after rectification was lower than before rectification, while percentage of antimicrobials used 30 min 2 h before operation was higher than before rectification (both P<0.05).ConclusionAfter three year special rectification, antimicrobial use become more rational, but management still needs further and continuous improvement.