ObjectiveTo explore the occurrence of surgical site infection(SSI)  in patients in different levels of hospitals.MethodsSSI among patients in 47 hospitals at 0:00-24:00 of May 16,2012 were investigated by medical record reviewing, doctor inquiry, and bedside visiting.ResultsA total of 5 977  surgical patients were investigated, SSI prevalence rate was  1.76%.  SSI prevalence rate  in secondary hospitals was higher than tertiary hospitals(χ2=9.337, P=0.002);SSI prevalence rates in cleancontaminated  and contaminated incision in secondary hospitals were both  higher than tertiary hospitals (χ2=4.315, 8.129,  both  P<0.05);departments with high SSI prevalence rates were general surgery,  orthopedic, and neurosurgery;the major isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase negative Staphylococcus.ConclusionSSI rates of different types of incision and different departments are varied, corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken.