ObjectiveTo explore the incidences of ventilatorassociated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care units(ICUs) in China. MethodsFrom October 2013 to September 2014, 46 hospitals in 12 provinces and cities were selected to participate in the study, all patients admitted to ICUs were included, the incidences of VAP were surveyed and compared with data from the U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).ResultsA total of 17 358 patients were surveyed, the total patientdays were 176 096 d, the total catheterdays were 91 448 d, 813 patients developed VAP, the incidence of VAP was 8.89/1 000 catheterdays, VAP mainly occurred in general ICUs (76.74%); the incidences of VAP were varied with patients in different types of ICUs,ranging from 4.50/1 000 catheterdays to 32.79/ 1 000 catheterdays.ConclusionThe incidence of VAP in patients in ICUs at 46 hospitals in China is significantly higher than that reported by NHSN, even higher than the P90.