ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for postdischarge treatment compliance of patients with multidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDRTB). MethodsMDRTB patients who were hospitalized in a tuberculosis hospital between November 2011 and January 2013 were chosen， postdischarge followup was conducted regularly through telephone call. Medicinetaking  and reexamination of patients was inquired， factors influencing patients’ treatment compliance were analyzed.Results299 patients were included in the study，the total treatment compliance rate was 81.94% (n=245)； 249（83.28%）patients regularly took medicine，50（16.72%） didn’t regularly take medicine； 254（84.95%）were reexamined on time，45（15.05%）were not reexamined on time； 37（12.37%）discontinued treatment，  260（86.96%） continuously treated till the survey deadline.Univariate analysis revealed that treatment compliance (including regular medication rate, timely reexamination rate, interrupted treatment rate， and total compliance rate）was significantly different among MDRTB patients of different  ages, education levels, treatment time, and with or without adverse reactions（all P＜0.05）.Logistic regression analysis revealed that treatment compliance of MDRTB patients was negatively correlated with treatment time（β=-1.47，Wald χ2=24.28，P＜0.05） and adverse reactions（β=-2.02，Waldχ2=24.24，P＜0.05）,while positively correlated with education levels（β=0.79，Wald χ2=6.50，p＜0.05）.ConclusionProlonged treatment time and adverse reactions can reduce the treatment compliance of MDRTB patients, the higher education levels of MDRTB patients have, the better treatment compliance they implement.