ObjectiveTo investigate healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in patients in a cancer hospital,  provide reference for controlling HAI in cancer patients, and guide rational use of antimicrobial agents.MethodsClinical data of patients in a cancer hospital between August 2006 and July 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe incidence of  HAI case was 1.53% (2 060/134 389), and annual incidence  showed a downward trend. The main infection site was lower respiratory tract (46.46%, n=957),followed by bloodstream (15.63%, n=322), abdominal and pelvic (14.03%, n=289). The main pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.16%, n=350), Staphylococcus aureus (9.97%, n=216), Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.79%, n=212), Escherichia coli (9.65%, n=209), and Candida albicans (6.51%, n=141). Gramnegative bacilli, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, were sensitive to carbapenems and βlactamase inhibitors.ConclusionLower respiratory tract is the major HAI site in patients with cancer, and gramnegative bacteria are the main pathogens. Carbapenems and βlactamase inhibitors are recommended for the empirical treatment of HAI in cancer patients.