ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk factors for surgical site infection(SSI) following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery, and provide theoretical basis for the prevention of postoperative SSI.MethodsClinical data of patients who underwent ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery in a hospital between June 2005 to May 2013 were surveyed retrospectively, risk factors for SSI were analyzed.ResultsAmong 356 patients with ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery, 22 developed 25 times of SSI, SSI rate was 6.18%, case infection rate was 7.02%. Univariate analysis showed that elderly patients（＞60 years old）, history of diabetes, preoperative calcaneal traction, perioperative irrational antimicrobial use, incision type, and long duration of operation （＞3 h）were risk factors for SSI following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery （all P＜0.05）.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for SSI were incision type(OR, 3.58［95%CI, 3.24-12.07］), history of diabetes(OR, 2.75［95%CI,1.54-4.75］), duration of operation(OR, 2.15［95%CI,1.32-3.64］), and patients age(OR, 1.68［95%CI,1.25-2.37］).ConclusionOccurrence of SSI following ankle joint and Pilon fracture surgery is related to multiple factors, corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken to reduce the occurrence of SSI.